Metabolites associated to cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes: data from the TOSCA.IT trial
Background:
Epidemiological evidence suggests that poor diet quality contributes to a higher risk of lifestyle-related chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Molecular mechanisms responsible for the detrimental health effects are not well known in particular in people with diabetes. Therefore, our aim is to evaluate the metabolites associated to the food intake helping to understand the key contributors for the cardiovascular risk prevention in people with type 2 diabetes following a healthy or unhealthy diet.
Method:
230 subjects with type 2 diabetes were classified as following a Healthy (125 people) or Unhealthy (105 people) diet based on the habitual intake of fiber, polyphenols, and saturated fatty acids. Habitual diet was evaluated using a validated version of the food frequency questionnaire. The metabolomic analysis of plasma samples was performed using HPLC combined with mass spectrometry (MS/MS).
Results:
People following the healthy diet were characterized by higher plasma concentrations of phytochemicals as metabolic product of polyphenols. So they present a better cardiometabolic profile linked to the consumption of coffee and tea, two main sources of polyphenols, that characterize the healthy diet. On the other side, the unhealthy diet, was characterized by higher plasma concentrations of compounds involved in protein and lipid metabolism, such as phenylalanine, phosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylcholines.
Conclusions:
Novel metabolites in people with type 2 diabetes were associated with cardiovascular risk factors. These results suggest that circulating concentrations of several metabolites were correlated with beneficial variations in the conventional clinic lipid profile and also of other risk factors, thus providing further insight to the metabolic control in people with diabetes. These findings are very important mostly in diabetic patients, who already have an higher risk to develop cardiovascular disease. Thanks to metabolomics is possible to increase the knowledge of disease progression and provides approaches for therapy.
Keywords:
metabolomics; diabetes; habitual diet
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